Here’s How Much Gun Sales Rose in All 50 States in 2020
Gun sales in the United States rose 40% last year to 39,695,315. The figure represents the high water mark in gun sales since the current record-keeping system went into effect. However, increases by state varied substantially.
The Federal Bureau of Investigation tracks gun sales and publishes a list of how many are handled as part of its National Instant Criminal Background Check System. Each month, the figures are reported by state. Nearly everyone put through this system qualifies as a buyer. People who are excluded usually have criminal records. Of the more than 300 million checks that have been done since 1998, there have only been 1.5 million denials. Therefore, the data is the best proxy for U.S. gun sales available.
Growing civil unrest may have prompted people to buy guns for personal and family protection, many social scientists have posited, although this remains a matter of debate. Another theory is that chaos brought on by the COVID-19 pandemic is a major cause. A new UC Davis School of Medicine study about fear of violence reports: “The coronavirus pandemic has exacerbated persistent structural, economic, and social inequities in the conditions that contribute to violence and its consequences.”
Who bought these guns? CBS News pointed out that over 5 million people were first-time gun buyers last year. CNN reported a sharp rise in sales to Black Americans and women. “Sales to women are also up 40% through September when compared with the same period last year,” the news network pointed out.
The rise in gun sales from 2019 to 2020 is not an anomaly. The number of gun sales has increased most years since 1999. Sales first topped 25 million in 2016, 20 million in 2013, 15 million in 2011 and 10 million in 2006. The first full year the FBI kept data was 1999, when total sales were 9,138,123.
Notably, the figures show that gun sales and population are not related. Illinois at 7,455,065 had almost 19% of American gun sales in 2020 but has only about 4% of the nation’s population. Kentucky’s gun sales at 3,330,462 were over 8% of the national total. Its population is just a little over 1% of the national figure.
In three states, gun sales more than doubled last year. In Michigan, they rose 117% to 1,068,511. In Rhode Island, they increased 111% to 51,369. And they were up 103% to 302,563 in Maryland. Sales rose by 50% in 25 states, and over 20% in 49 states.
Sales only dropped in one state during 2020. They were down 19% in Kentucky. There are no adequate explanations for the sharp movement in sales in any of these states.
Gun purchase behavior continues to be poorly understood but hotly debated, which means a definitive answer won’t be forthcoming. Suffice it to say, the extent of the rise begs a whole series of larger questions about why Americans would buy almost 40 million guns in one year.
| State | 2019 Sales | 2020 Sales | Change |
|---|---|---|---|
| United States | 28,007,320 | 39,326,079 | 40.40% |
| Michigan | 492,171 | 1,068,511 | 117.10% |
| Rhode Island | 24,338 | 51,369 | 111.10% |
| Maryland | 148,813 | 302,563 | 103.30% |
| New Jersey | 91,257 | 177,901 | 94.90% |
| Arizona | 372,912 | 665,458 | 78.40% |
| Nevada | 128,312 | 219,349 | 70.90% |
| Wisconsin | 435,685 | 731,618 | 67.90% |
| North Carolina | 530,365 | 890,284 | 67.90% |
| Georgia | 539,113 | 904,035 | 67.70% |
| Delaware | 46,427 | 77,057 | 66.00% |
| South Carolina | 328,221 | 530,930 | 61.80% |
| Vermont | 35,843 | 57,965 | 61.70% |
| Virginia | 512,766 | 823,513 | 60.60% |
| Florida | 1,195,539 | 1,912,204 | 59.90% |
| Hawaii | 12,666 | 20,102 | 58.70% |
| Alabama | 690,084 | 1,085,475 | 57.30% |
| Texas | 1,487,212 | 2,325,281 | 56.40% |
| New Hampshire | 112,173 | 174,662 | 55.70% |
| Tennessee | 635,313 | 984,760 | 55.00% |
| Mississippi | 238,388 | 366,829 | 53.90% |
| Nebraska | 68,236 | 104,511 | 53.20% |
| Ohio | 638,495 | 976,751 | 53.00% |
| Louisiana | 282,264 | 430,537 | 52.50% |
| Maine | 90,626 | 137,149 | 51.30% |
| Illinois | 4,949,570 | 7,455,065 | 50.60% |
| Kansas | 167,010 | 249,589 | 49.40% |
| Montana | 115,823 | 172,695 | 49.10% |
| Wyoming | 61,291 | 91,384 | 49.10% |
| Iowa | 182,802 | 270,614 | 48.00% |
| Utah | 823,270 | 1,216,773 | 47.80% |
| Pennsylvania | 987,886 | 1,452,921 | 47.10% |
| Arkansas | 221,344 | 324,741 | 46.70% |
| Colorado | 469,535 | 680,507 | 44.90% |
| Oregon | 357,700 | 516,096 | 44.30% |
| New York | 355,374 | 507,940 | 42.90% |
| Missouri | 497,858 | 708,184 | 42.20% |
| North Dakota | 60,389 | 85,465 | 41.50% |
| Minnesota | 682,356 | 958,391 | 40.50% |
| South Dakota | 85,426 | 115,448 | 35.10% |
| Idaho | 209,275 | 281,284 | 34.40% |
| Indiana | 1,450,565 | 1,935,587 | 33.40% |
| New Mexico | 156,829 | 206,252 | 31.50% |
| Oklahoma | 360,043 | 470,286 | 30.60% |
| California | 1,240,632 | 1,601,054 | 29.10% |
| West Virginia | 206,196 | 265,705 | 28.90% |
| Washington | 607,170 | 781,471 | 28.70% |
| Alaska | 76,923 | 98,952 | 28.60% |
| Connecticut | 172,935 | 219,227 | 26.80% |
| Massachusetts | 212,316 | 262,583 | 23.70% |
| Kentucky | 4,120,892 | 3,330,462 | −19.20% |
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